French Topic
French Numbers, Dates & Time
French Numbers
French numbers are notorious for their complex structure from 70 onwards. Mastering them is a key milestone.
Numbers 0 - 20 (The Foundation)
| Number | French | Pronunciation (Approx.) |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | zéro | zay-ro |
| 1 | un | uhⁿ (nasal) |
| 2 | deux | duh |
| 3 | trois | trwah |
| 4 | quatre | katr |
| 5 | cinq | saⁿk (slight 'k' at end) |
| 6 | six | sees |
| 7 | sept | set |
| 8 | huit | weet |
| 9 | neuf | nuhf |
| 10 | dix | dees |
| 11 | onze | ohnz |
| 12 | douze | dooz |
| 13 | treize | trehz |
| 14 | quatorze | kah-torz |
| 15 | quinze | kaⁿz |
| 16 | seize | sez |
| 17 | dix-sept | dee-set |
| 18 | dix-huit | deez-weet |
| 19 | dix-neuf | deez-nuhf |
| 20 | vingt | vaⁿ |
Numbers 21 - 69
The pattern is similar to English: the tens digit, a hyphen, and the unit.
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21 vingt-et-un (the "et" (and) is only for 21, 31, 41, 51, 61)
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22 vingt-deux
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30 trente
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31 trente-et-un
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40 quarante
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41 quarante-et-un
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50 cinquante
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51 cinquante-et-un
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60 soixante
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61 soixante-et-un
Numbers 70 - 99 (The Tricky Part)
This is where French math begins! In France and most French-speaking countries, they use a base-20 system for these numbers.
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70 soixante-dix (60 + 10)
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71 soixante-et-onze (60 + 11)
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72 soixante-douze (60 + 12)
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...and so on until 79.
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80 quatre-vingts (4 x 20)
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81 quatre-vingt-un (4 x 20 + 1) No "et" here!
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82 quatre-vingt-deux
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90 quatre-vingt-dix (4 x 20 + 10)
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91 quatre-vingt-onze (4 x 20 + 11)
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92 quatre-vingt-douze
Note: In Belgium and Switzerland, they use simpler, more logical forms: septante (70), huitante or octante (80), nonante (90).
Larger Numbers
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100 cent
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101 cent un
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200 deux cents (the 's' is added for plural, but dropped if followed by another number: deux cent dix)
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1,000 mille (no 's' for plural)
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2,000 deux mille
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1,000,000 un million
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1,000,000,000 un milliard (be careful! This is a 'billion' in US English)
Dates
Days of the Week
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Monday lundi
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Tuesday mardi
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Wednesday mercredi
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Thursday jeudi
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Friday vendredi
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Saturday samedi
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Sunday dimanche
Key Rules:
Days are not capitalized.
To say "on Monday," you use the article le: Je vais au marché le lundi. (I go to the market on Mondays).
Months of the Year
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January janvier
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February février
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March mars
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April avril
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May mai
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June juin
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July juillet
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August août
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September septembre
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October octobre
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November novembre
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December décembre
Key Rules:
Months are not capitalized.
How to Write and Say the Date
The standard format is Day Month Year, with no commas.
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Writing: le 25 décembre 2024
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Speaking:
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To say "It's December 25th," you say: C'est le vingt-cinq décembre.
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To say "on December 25th," you also use le: Je viens le vingt-cinq décembre.
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Ordinal Numbers (for the 1st of the month):
Only the first day of the month uses an ordinal number (premier).
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le 1er avril (le premier avril) - April 1st
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le 2 avril (le deux avril) - April 2nd
Telling Time
Key Vocabulary
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Heure - Hour / Time
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Minute - Minute
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Et quart - Quarter past
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Et demie - Half past
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Moins le quart - Quarter to
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Moins - To (minus)
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Du matin - A.M. (in the morning)
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De l'après-midi - P.M. (in the afternoon)
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Du soir - P.M. (in the evening)
How to Ask for the Time
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Formal: Quelle heure est-il ?
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Informal: Il est quelle heure ?
How to Tell the Time (Il est...)
Full Hours:
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Il est une heure. (It's 1:00) - Note "une" for 1 o'clock.
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Il est deux heures. (It's 2:00) - "heures" (plural) for all other hours.
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Il est midi. (It's noon.)
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Il est minuit. (It's midnight.)
Past the Hour:
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Il est deux heures cinq. (It's 2:05)
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Il est quatre heures et quart. (It's 4:15)
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Il est cinq heures et demie. (It's 5:30) - Only "demie" is used, never "trente".
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Il est six heures vingt. (It's 6:20)
To the Hour:
This is very common in French. You say the next hour, "moins" (minus), and the minutes remaining.
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Il est sept heures moins vingt-cinq. (It's 6:35) - Literally "7 o'clock minus 25".
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Il est huit heures moins le quart. (It's 7:45) - Literally "8 o'clock minus the quarter".
Specifying Time of Day:
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Il est neuf heures du matin. (9:00 A.M.)
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Il est trois heures de l'après-midi. (3:00 P.M.)
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Il est huit heures du soir. (8:00 P.M.)
The 24-Hour Clock (Official Time)
Used for schedules, TV guides, and formal announcements. It's simpler as you just state the numbers.
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*14h00* (quatorze heures) - 2:00 P.M.
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*18h30* (dix-huit heures trente) - 6:30 P.M.
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*20h15* (vingt heures quinze) - 8:15 P.M.
Putting It All Together: Example Sentences
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Mon anniversaire est le vingt-trois mai. (My birthday is on May 23rd.)
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Le magasin ouvre à neuf heures et ferme à dix-sept heures trente. (The store opens at 9:00 A.M. and closes at 5:30 P.M.)
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Rendez-vous lundi premier avril à quatorze heures. (Meeting Monday, April 1st at 2:00 P.M.)
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